J. David Neelin
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A,
1989.
Abstract. A model is being developed for tropical air-sea interaction studies that is intermediate in complexity between the large coupled general circulation models (GCMS) that are coming into use, and the simple two-level models with which pioneering El Niño Southern Oscillation studies were done. The model consists of a stripped-down tropical Pacific Ocean GCM, coupled to an atmospheric model that is sufficiently simple that steady-state solutions may be found for low-level flow and surface stress, given oceanic boundary conditions. This permits examination of the nature of interannual coupled oscillations in the absence of atmospheric noise. In preliminary tests of the model the coupled system is found to undergo a Hopf bifurcation as certain parameters are varied, giving rise to sustained three to four year oscillations. For stronger coupling, a secondary bifurcation yields six month coupled oscillations during the warm phase of the El Niño-period oscillation. Such variability could potentially affect the predictability of the coupled system.
Citation. Neelin, J. D., 1989: Interannual oscillations in an ocean general circulation model coupled to a simple atmosphere model. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 329, 189-205.