References

The Main Initial Papers on the QTCM1

1

Neelin, J. D., and N. Zeng, 2000: A quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model--formulation. J. Atmos. Sci., , 1741-1766.

2

Zeng, N., J. D. Neelin, and C. Chou, 2000: A quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model--implementation and simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., , 1767-1796.

Other Papers With Relevance to the QTCM1

3

Chou, C., 1997: Simplified Radiation and Convection Treatments for Large-Scale Tropical Atmospheric Modeling. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles. 215 pp.

4

Chou, C., and J. D. Neelin, 1996: Linearization of a long-wave radiation scheme for intermediate tropical atmospheric models. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15129-15145.

5

Chou, C., and J. D. Neelin, 1997: Cloudiness and radiation parameterizations for intermediate tropical atmospheric models. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Climate Variations (Climate 7), 2-7 February, 1997, Long Beach, California, Amer. Met. Soc., pp. 253-256.

6

Lin, J. W.-B., J. D. Neelin, and N. Zeng, 1999: "Maintenance of tropical intraseasonal variability in an intermediate-level atmospheric model," J. Atmos. Sci., (accepted).

7

Neelin, J. D., 1997: Implications of convective quasi-equilibrium for the large-scale flow. In The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection. Ed. R. K. Smith, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands.

8

Neelin, J. D., and J.-Y. Yu, 1994: Modes of tropical variability under convective adjustment and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Part I: Analytical results. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1876-1894.

9

Neelin, J. D., and N. Zeng, 1997: The simplest quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model--formulation. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Climate Variations (Climate 7), 2-7 February, 1997, Long Beach, California, Amer. Met. Soc., pp. 4-7.

10

Stevens, B., A.S. Ackerman, B.A. Albrecht, A.R. Brown, A. Chlond, J. Cuxart, P.G. Duynkerke, D.C. Macvean, R.A.J. Neggers, Neggers, E.S. Sanchez, A.P. Siebesma, D.E. Stevens, 2001: Simulations of trade wind cumuli under a strong inversion. J. Atmos. Sci., , 58, 1870-1891.

11

Yu, J.-Y., C. Chou and J. D. Neelin, 1998: Estimating the gross moist stability of the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., , 55, 1354-1372.

12

Yu, J.-Y., and J. D. Neelin, 1994: Modes of tropical variability under convective adjustment and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Part II: Numerical results. J. Atmos. Sci., , 51, 1895-1914.

13

Yu, J.-Y., and J. D. Neelin, 1997: Analytic approximations for moist convectively adjusted regions. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1054-1063.

14

Zeng, N., and J. D. Neelin, 1997: The simplest quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model--initial results. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Climate Variations (Climate 7), 2-7 February, 1997, Long Beach, California, Amer. Met. Soc., pp. 8-10.

15

Zeng, N., J. D. Neelin, C. Chou, J. W.-B. Lin, H. Su, 1998: Climate and variability in the first quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and Future, D. A. Randall, ed., Academic Press. 457-488.

Other References

16

Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., , 31, 674-701.

17

Betts, A. K., 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 112, 677-691.

18

Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 112, 693-709.

19

Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1993: The Betts-Miller scheme. Chapter 9 in The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models of the Atmosphere. (Eds. K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond) Amer. Meteor. Soc., Meteor. Mon. 24 No. 46, 107-121.

20

Bishop, J. K. B., and W. B. Rossow, 1991: Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradiance. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 16839-16858.

21

Darnell, W. L., W. F. Staylor, S. K. Gupta, N. A. Ritchey, and A. C. Wilber, 1992: Seasonal variation of surface radiation budget derived from international satellite cloud climatology project C1 data. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 15741-15760.

22

Entekhabi, D., and P. S. Eagleson, 1989: Land surface hydrology parameterization for atmospheric general circulation models including subgrid scale spatial variability. J. Clim., 2, 816-831.

23

Fu, Q., and K. N. Liou, 1993: Parameterization of the radiative properties of cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2008-2025.

24

Haltiner, G. J., and R. T. Williams: Numerical Prediction and Dynamic Meteorology, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 477 pp.

25

Li, Z., H, G. Leighton, K. Masuda, and T. Takashima, 1993: Estimation of SW Flux Absorbed at the Surface From Total Reflected Flux. J. Clim., 6, 317-330

26

Manabe, S., J. Smagorinsky and R. F. Strickler, 1965: Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrological cycle. Mon. Wea. Rev., 93, 769-798.

27

Manabe, S., and R. F. Strickler, 1964: Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 361-385.

28

Mesinger F., and A. Arakawa, 1976: Numerical Methods Used in Atmospheric Models. Vol. 1, GARP Publications Series No. 17, World Meteorological Organization, 64 pp.

29

Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.