Interhemispheric Influence of the Northern Summer Monsoons on the Southern Subtropical Anticyclones.

Sang-Ki Lee, Carlos R. Mechoso, Chunzai Wang, and J. David Neelin, 2013:

J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00106.1, in press. Early online preprint (4 MB).

Abstract The southern subtropical anticyclones are notably stronger in the austral winter than in summer, particularly over the Atlantic and Indian Ocean basins. This is in contrast with the Northern Hemisphere (NH), in which subtropical anticyclones are more intense in summer according to the “monsoon heating” paradigm. To better understand the winter intensification of southern subtropical anticyclones, the present study explores the interhemispheric response to monsoon heating in the NH during the austral winter. A specially designed suite of numerical model experiments is performed in which summer monsoons in the NH are artificially weakened. These experiments are performed with both an atmospheric general circulation model and a simple two-layer model. The highlight of our findings is that during the boreal summer enhanced tropical convection activity in the NH plays important roles in either maintaining or strengthening the southern subtropical anticyclones. Enhanced NH convection largely associated with the major summer monsoons produces subsidence over the equatorial oceans and the tropical Southern Hemisphere via interhemispheric meridional overturning circulations and increases the sea level pressure locally. In addition, suppressed convection over some regions of climatological subsidence produces stationary barotropic Rossby waves that propagate far beyond the tropics. These stationary barotropic Rossby waves and those forced directly by the summer heating in the NH are spatially phased to strengthen the southern subtropical anticyclones over all three oceans. The interhemispheric response to the NH summer monsoons is most dramatic in the South Pacific, where the subtropical anticyclone nearly disappears in the austral winter without the influence from the NH.

Citation Lee, S., C. Mechoso, C. Wang, and J. Neelin, 2013: Interhemispheric Influence of the Northern Summer Monsoons on the Southern Subtropical Anticyclones. J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00106.1, in press.

Acknowledgments. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a significant improvement of the paper. We also would like to thank Teresa Losada, Xiao Heng, and Xuan Ji for their helpful comments and contributions through our science discussions between the University of Miami and UCLA, and Marlos Goes and George Halliwell for their useful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s Climate Program Office, and by the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
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