6. REFERENCES

Abarbanel H. D. I. (1996) Analysis of Observed Chaotic Data. Springer-Verlag, New York, 272 pp

Akaike H. (1969) Fitting autoregressive models for prediction. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. 21, 243-247

Akaike H. (1974) A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 19, 716-723

Allen M. (1992) Interactions Between the Atmosphere and Oceans on Time Scales of Weeks to Years. PhD thesis University of Oxford, 202 pp

Allen M., Smith L. A. (1994) Investigating the origins and significance of low-frequency modes of climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 883-886

Allen M. R., Robertson A. W. (1996) Distinguishing modulated oscillations from coloured noise in multivariate datasets. Clim. Dyn. 12, 775-784

Allen M. R., Smith L. A. (1996) Monte Carlo SSA: Detecting irregular oscillations in the presence of coloured noise. J. Clim. 9, 3373-3404

Allen M. R., Smith L. A. (1997) Optimal filtering in singular spectrum analysis. Phys. Lett. A 234, 419-428

Allen M. R., Read P., Smith L. (1992a) Temperature time-series? Nature 355, 686

Allen M. R., Read P., Smith L. (1992b) Temperature oscillations. Nature 359, 679

Arneodo A., Argoul F., Muzy J. F., Tabard M. (1993) Beyond classical multifractal analysis using wavelets: Uncovering a multiplicative process hidden in the geometrical complexity of diffusion limited aggregates. Fractals 1, 629-649

Arnold V. I. (1973) Ordinary Differential Equations. MIT Press, Cambridge MA London England, 280 pp

Arnold V. I. (1983) Geometrical Methods in the Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations. Springer-Verlag, New York Heidelberg Berlin

Barnett T. P., Hasselmann K. (1979) Techniques of linear prediction, with application to oceanic and atmospheric fields in the tropical Pacific. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 17, 949-968

Barnett T. P., Latif M, Graham N., Flugel M., Pazan S., White W. (1993) ENSO and ENSO-related predictability. Part I: Prediction of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature with a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate 6, 1545-1566

Barnston A. G., Ropelewski C. F. (1992) Prediction of ENSO episodes using canonical correlation analysis. J. Climate 5, 1316-1345

Barnston, A. G., Van den Dool H., Zebiak S., Barnett T. P., Jo M., Rodenhuis D., Cane M., Leetmaa A., Graham N., Ropelewski C., Kousky V., O'Lenic E., Livezey T. (1994) Long-lead seasonal forecasts - Where do we stand? Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. 75, 2097-2114

Benoist J. P. (1986) Analyse spectrale de signaux glaciologiques: Etude des glaces sédimentaires déposées à Dome C, Morphologie du lit d'un glacier. Thèse d'Etat USMT Grenoble

Berger A. L., Melice J. L., Hinnov L. (1991) A strategy for frequency spectra of Quaternary climate records. Clim. Dyn. 5, 227-240

Birchfield G. E., Ghil M. (1993) Climate evolution in the Pliocene-Pleistocene as seen in deep sea $\delta^{18}$O records and in simulations: internal variability versus orbital forcing. J. Geophys. Res. 98(D6), 10385-10399

Blackman R. B., Tukey J. W. (1958) The Measurement of Power Spectra From the Point of View of Communication Engineering. Dover, New York

Bloomfield P. (1976) Fourier Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction. J. Wiley and Sons, New York

Boiseau M., Ghil M., Juillet-Leclerc A. (1999) Trends and interdecadal variability from South-Central Pacific coral records. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2881-2884

Box G. E. P., Jenkins G. M. (1970) Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control. Holden-Day, San Francisco

Broomhead D. S., King G. P. (1986a) Extracting qualitative dynamics from experimental data. Physica D20, 217-236

Broomhead D. S., King G. P. (1986b) On the qualitative analysis of experimental dynamical systems. In: Sarkar S. (ed.) Nonlinear Phenomena and Chaos. Adam Hilger, Bristol, pp 113-144

Broomhead D. S., Jones R., King G. P. (1987) Topological dimension and local coordinates from time series data. J. Phys. A 20, 563-569

Burg J. P. (1967) Maximum entropy spectral analysis. In: 37th Ann. Intern. Meeting. Soc. Explor. Geophys., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Chang P., Wang B., Li T., , Ji L. (1994) Interactions between the seasonal cycle and the southern oscillation: Frequency entrainment and chaos in an intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 2817-2820

Chao, Y., Ghil M., Li X., McWilliams J. C. 2000: Pacific interdecadal variability in this century's sea surface temperatures. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 2261-2264

Chappellaz J., Barnola J. M., Raynaud D., Korotkevitch Y. S., Lorius C. (1990) Ice-core record of atmospheric methane over the past 160,000 years. Nature 345, 127-131

Chatfield C. (1984) The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction. 3 edn Chapman and Hall, New York, 286 pp

Chen F., Ghil M. (1995) Interdecadal variablity of the thermohaline circulation and high-latitude surface fluxes. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25(11), 2547-2568

Chen F., Ghil M. (1996) Interdecadal variability in a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26(8), 1561-1578

Childers D. G. (ed.) (1978) Modern Spectrum Analysis. IEEE Press, New York, 331 pp

Cochrane D., Orcutt G. H. (1949) Application of least squares regression to relationships containing autocorrelated error terms. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. 44, 32-61

Colebrook J. M. (1978) Continuous plankton records: zooplankton and environment, North-East Atlantic and North Sea. Oceanol. Acta 1, 9-23

Constantin P., Foias C., Nicolaenko B., Témam R. (1989) Integral Manifolds and Inertial Manifolds for Dissipative Partial Differential Equations. Springer-Verlag, New York, 122 pp

Cook E. R., Buckley B. M., D'Arrigo R. D. (1995) Interdecadal temperature oscillations in the Southern Hemisphere: Evidence from Tasmanian tree rings since 300 B. C. In: Martinson D. G. et al. (eds.) National Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time-Scales. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp 523-532

Courant R., Hilbert D. (1953) Methods of Mathematical Physics. Vol I Wiley-Interscience, New York/London/Sidney, 560 pp

Courant R., Hilbert D. (1962) Methods of Mathematical Physics. Vol II Wiley-Interscience, New York/London/Sidney, 830 pp

Daubechies I. (1992) Ten Lectures on Wavelets. SIAM, Philadelphia PA

Delprat N., Escudé B., Guillemain P., Kronland-Martinet R., Tchamitchian P., Torrésani B. (1992) Asymptotic wavelet and gabor analysis: Extraction of instantaneous frequencies. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 38, 644-664

Delworth T., Manabe S., Stouffer R. (1993) Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Clim. 6, 1993-2011

Dettinger M. D., Ghil M. (1998) Seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric co2 and climate. Tellus 50B, 1-24

Dettinger M. D., Ghil M., Strong C. M., Weibel W., Yiou P. (1995 a) Software expedites singular-spectrum analysis of noisy time series. Eos Trans. AGU 76(2), 12, 14, 21
(version 4.1 available on the World Wide Web at http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd/ssa)

Dettinger M. D., Ghil M., Keppenne C. (1995b) Interannual and interdecadal variability in United States surface-air temperatures, 1910-87. Clim. Change 31, 35-66

Dijkstra and Molemaker (1999) Imperfections of the North-Atlantic wind-driven ocean circulation: Continental geometry and wind stress. J. Mar. Res. 57, 1-28

Drazin P. G., King G. P. (1992) Introduction. Physica D 58, 7-11

Eckmann J.-P. (1981) Roads to turbulence in dissipative dynamical systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. 53, 643-654

Eckmann J.-P., Ruelle D. (1985) Ergodic theory of chaos and strange attractors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 617-656
and 57, 1115

Egger J. (1999) POPs and MOPs. Clim. Dyn. 15, 561-568

Elsner J. B., Tsonis A. A. (1991) Do bidecadal oscillations exist in the global temperature record? Nature 353, 551-553

Farge M. (1992) Wavelet transforms and their applications to turbulence. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 24, 395-457

Farmer J. D., Ott E., Yorke J. A. (1983) The dimension of chaotic attractors. Physica D 7, 153-180

Flandrin P. (1999) Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis. Academic Press, San Diego, 386 pp

Foias C., Frazho A. E., Sherman P. J. (1988) A geometric approach to the maximum likelihood spectral estimator of sinusoids in noise. IEEE Trans. Info. Theory 34, 1066-1070

Fraedrich K. (1986) Estimating the dimension of weather and climate attractors. J. Atmos. Sci. 43, 419-432

Fraedrich K., Boettger H. (1978) A wavenumber-frequency analysis of the 500 mb geopotential at 50°N. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 745-750

Gabor D. (1946) Theory of communication. J. Inst. Electr. Eng. 93, 429-457

Ghil M. (1995) Cryothermodynamics: the chaotic dynamics of paleoclimate. Physica D77, 130-159

Ghil M. (1995) Atmospheric modeling. In: Martinson D. G. et al. (eds.) National Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time-Scales. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pp 164-168

Ghil M. (1997) The SSA-MTM Toolkit: Applications to analysis and prediction of time series. Proc. SPIE 3165, 216-230

Ghil M., Childress S. (1987) Topics in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Atmospheric Dynamics, Dynamo Theory and Climate Dynamics. Springer-Verlag, New York, 485 pp

Ghil M., Mo K. C. (1991a) Intraseasonal oscillations in the global atmosphere. Part I: Northern hemisphere and tropics. J. Atmos. Sci. 48(5), 752-779

Ghil M., Mo K. C. (1991b) Intraseasonal oscillations in the global atmosphere. Part II: Southern hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 48(5), 780-790

Ghil M., Vautard R. (1991) Interdecadal oscillations and the warming trend in global temperature time series. Nature 350(6316), 324-327

Ghil M., Yiou P. (1996) Spectral methods: What they can and cannot do for climatic time series. In: Anderson D., Willebrand J. (eds.) Decadal Climate Variability: Dynamics and Predictability. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 445-481

Ghil M., Taricco C. (1997) Advanced spectral analysis methods. In: Castagnoli G. C., Provenzale A. (eds.) Past and Present Variability of the Solar-Terrestrial System: Measurement, Data Analysis and Theoretical Models. Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, & IOS Press, Amsterdam pp 137-159

Ghil M., Jiang N. (1998) Recent forecast skill for the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 171-174

Ghil M., Robertson A. W. (2000) Solving problems with GCMs: General circulation models and their role in the climate modeling hierarchy. In: Randall D. (ed.) General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present and Future. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 285-325

Ghil M., Kimoto M., Neelin J. D. (1991) Nonlinear dynamics and predictability in the atmospheric sciences. Rev. Geophys. 36 (Supplement), 46-55
(U. S. National Report IUGG, 1987-91)

Gilman D. L., Fuglister, F. J., Mitchell, J. J. (1963) On the power spectrum of ``red noise." J. Atmos. Sci. 20, 182-184

Gleick J. (1987) Chaos: Making a New Science. Viking, New York, 354 pp

Golub G. H., Van Loan C. F. (1996) Matrix Computations. 3rd edn. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore London, 642 pp

Grassberger P., Procaccia I. (1983) Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors. Physica D9, 189-208

Groth A, Ghil M, 2011: Multivariate singular spectrum analysis and the road to phase synchronization, Phys Rev E 84(3 Pt 2), 036206.

Guckenheimer J., Holmes P. (1983) Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems and Bifurcations of Vector Fields. Springer-Verlag, New York, 459 pp

Hannan E. J. (1960) Time Series Analysis. Methuen, London, 152 pp

Hannan E. J. (1970) Multiple Time Series. Wiley, New York, 536 pp

Hasan T.(1983) Complex demodulation: Some theory and applications. In: Brillinger D. R. and Krishnaiah P. R. (eds.) Handbook of Statistics 3: Time Series in the Frequency Domain. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 125-156

Hasselmann K. (1976) Stochastic climate models. Tellus 6, 473-485

Hasselmann K. (1988) PIPs and POPs: The reduction of complex dynamical systems using Principal Interaction and Principal Oscillation Patterns. J. Geophys. Res. 93D, 11015-11021

Haykin S., Kessler S. (1983) Prediction-error filtering and maximum-entropy spectral estimation. In: Haykin S. (ed.) Nonlinear Methods of Spectral Analysis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 9-72

Holmes P., Lumley J. L., Berkooz G. (1996) Turbulence, Coherent Structures, Dynamical Systems and Symmetry. Cambridge University Press

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1990) Climate Change, The IPCC Scientific Assessment, J. T. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums (eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 365 pp

Jenkins G. M., Watts D. G. (1968) Spectral Analysis and its Applications. Holden-Day, San Francisco

Ji M., Kumar A., Leetmaa A. (1994) An experimental coupled forecast system at the National Meteorological Center: Some early results. Tellus 46A, 398-418

Jiang N., Neelin D., Ghil M. (1995a) Quasi-quadrennial and quasi-biennial variability in the equatorial Pacific. Clim. Dyn. 12, 101-112

Jiang N., Ghil M., Neelin D. (1995b) Forecasts of equatorial Pacific SST anomalies by using an autoregressive process and singular spectrum analysis. In: Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin Vol. 4, No. 1 (Jan. 1995), pp. 24-27 and subsequent quaterly issues (1995-1997), National Meteorological Center, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce

Jiang S., Jin F.-F., Ghil M. (1995c) Multiple equilibria, periodic, and aperiodic solutions in a wind-driven, double-gyre, shallow-water model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 764-786

Jin F.-F., Neelin J. D., Ghil M. (1994) El Niño on the Devil's staircase: Annual subharmonic steps to chaos. Science 264, 70-72

Jin F.-F., Neelin J. D., Ghil M. (1996) El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the annual cycle: Subharmonic frequency-locking and aperiodicity. Physica D 98, 442-465

Jouzel, J., Barkov N. I., Barkov J. M., Barnola M., Bender J., Chappellaz C., Genthon V. M., Kotlyakov V., Lipenkov C., Lorius J. R., Petit D., Raynaud G., Raisbeck C., Ritz T., Sowers M., Stievenard F., Yiou P. (1993) Extending the Vostok ice-core record of paleoclimate to the penultimate glacial period. Nature 364, 407-412

Kaplan J. L., Yorke J. A. (1979) Chaotic behavior of multidimensional difference equations. In: Peitgen H. O., Walther H. O. (eds.) Functional Differential Equations and Approximation of Fixed Points Vol 730 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 228-237

Karhunen K. (1946) Zur Spektraltheorie stochastischer Prozesse. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenicae A1, 34

Kay S. M. (1988) Modern Spectral Analysis: Theory and Applications. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 543 pp

Kendall M., Stuart A. (1977) The Advanced Theory of Statistics. Vol 2 4th edn Macmillan, New York

Keppenne C. L., Ghil M. (1992) Adaptive filtering and prediction of the Southern Oscillation Index. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 20449-20454

Keppenne C. L., Ghil M. (1993) Adaptive filtering and prediction of noisy multivariate signals: An application to subannual variability in atmospheric angular momentum. Intl. J. Bifurcation & Chaos 3, 625-634

Kimoto M., Ghil M. (1993) Multiple flow regimes in the Northern Hemisphere winter. Part II: Sectorial regimes and preferred transitions. J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 2645-2673

Kimoto M., Ghil M., Mo K. C. (1991) Spatial structure of the extratropical 40-day oscillation. In: Proc. 8th Conf. Atmos. Oceanic Waves and Stability. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. , Boston, MA, pp 115-116

Koch D. M., Mann M. E. (1996) Spatial and temporal variability of 7Be surface concentration. Tellus 48B, 387-398

Kosambi D. D. (1943) Statistics in function space. J. Indian Math. Soc. 7, 76-88

Kumar P., Foufoula-Georgiou E. (1997) Wavelet analysis for geophysical applications. Rev. Geophys. 35, 385-412

Kumaresan R., Tufts D. W. (1980) Data-adaptive principal component signal processing. In: Proc. Conf. Decision and Control IEEE , Albuquerque, pp 949-954

Kuo C., Lindberg C., Thomson D. J. (1990) Coherence established between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature. Nature 343, 709-713

Lall U., Mann M. (1995) The Great Salt Lake: A barometer of low-frequency climatic variability. Wat. Res. Res. 31, 2503-2515

Lasota A., Mackey M. C. (1994) Chaos, Fractals, and Noise: Stochastic Aspects of Dynamics. 2nd edn Springer-Verlag, New York

Latif M., Barnett T. (1994) Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America Science 266, 634-637

Lau K. M., Chan P. H. (1985) Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during the northern winter as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 113, 1889-1909

Lees J. M. (1995) Reshaping spectrum estimates by removing periodic noise: application to seismic spectral rations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 199-236

Legras B., Ghil M. (1985) Persistent anomalies, blocking and variations in atmospheric predictability. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 433-471

Leith C. E. (1975) Climate response and fluctuation dissipation. J. Atmos. Sci. 32, 2022-2026

Lichtenberg A. J., Lieberman M. A. (1991) Regular and Chaotic Dynamics. 2nd edn Springer-Verlag, New York, 692 pp

Loève M. (1945) Fonctions aléatoires de second ordre. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 220

Lorenz E. N. (1963) Deterministic nonperiodic flow. J. Atmos. Sci. 20, 130-141

Lorenz E. N. (1969) Atmospheric predictability as revealed by naturally occurring analogues. J. Atmos. Sci. 26, 636-646

MacDonald G. J. (1989) Spectral analysis of time series generated by nonlinear processes. Rev. Geophys. 27, 449-469

Mallat S. (1998) A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing. Academic Press, San Diego, 577 pp

Mallat S., Zhang Z. (1993) Matching pursuit with time-frequency dictionaries. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 41, 3397-3415

Mandelbrot B. B. (1982) The Fractal Geometry of Nature. 2nd edn Freeman, San Francisco, 460 pp

Mañé R. (1981) On the dimension of the compact invariant sets of certain non-linear maps. In: Rand D. A., Young L.-S. (eds.) Dynamical Systems and Turbulence Vol 898 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer, Berlin, pp 230-242

Mann M. E., Park J. (1993) Spatial correlations of interdecadal variation in global surface temperatures. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 1055-1058

Mann M. E., Park J. (1994) Global scale modes of surface temperature variability on interannual to century time scales. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 25819-25933

Mann M. E., Park J. (1996a) Greenhouse warming and changes in the seasonal cycle of temperature: model versus observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1111-1114

Mann M. E., Park J. (1996b) Joint spatiotemporal modes of surface temperature and sea level pressure variablity in the Northern Hemisphere during the last century. J. Clim. 9, 2137-2162

Mann M. E., Lees J. M. (1996) Robust estimation of background noise and signal detection in climatic time series. Clim. Change 33, 409-445

Mann M. E., Park J. (1999) Oscillatory spatiotemporal signal detection in climate studies: A multiple-taper spectral domain approach. Adv. Geophys. 41, 1-131

Mann M. E., Lall U., Saltzman B. (1995a) Decadal-to-centennial-scale climate variability: Insights into the rise and fall of the Great Salt Lake. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22(8), 937-940

Mann M. E., Park J., Bradley R. S. (1995b) Global interdecadal and century-scale climate oscillations during the past five centuries. Nature 378, 266-270

Meyer Y. (1992) Wavelets and Operators. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (England), 223 pp

Meyer Y. (1993) Wavelets: Algorithms and Applications. SIAM, Philadelphia PA, 133 pp

Meyers S. D., Kelly B. G., O'Brien J. J. (1993) An introduction to wavelet analysis in oceanography and meteorology: with application to the dispersion of Yanai waves. Mon. Wea. Rev. 121, 2858-2866

Mitchell J. M. (1976) An overview of climatic variability and its causal mechanisms. Quatern. Res. 6, 481-493

Mommersteeg H., Loutre M. F., Young R., Wijmstra T. A., Hooghiemstra H. (1995) Orbital forced frequencies in the 975000 year pollen record from Tenagi Philippon (Greece). Clim. Dyn. 11, 4-24

Moron V., Vautard R., Ghil M. (1998) Trends, interdecadal and interannual oscillations in global sea-surface temperatures. Clim. Dyn. 14, 545-569

Neelin J. D. (1990) A hybrid coupled general circulation model for El Niño studies. J. Atmos. Sci. 47, 674-693

Neelin J. D., Latif M., Jin F.-F. (1994) Dynamics of coupled ocean-atmosphere models: the tropical problem. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 26, 617-659

Neelin J. D., Battisti D. S., Hirst A. C., Jin F.-F., Wakata Y., Yamagata T., Zebiak S. E. (1998) ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 14261-14290

Ooms M. (1988) Empirical Vector Autoregressive Modeling. Springer-Verlag

Ott E., Sauer T., Yorke J. A. (eds.) (1994) Coping with Chaos, Analysis of Chaotic Data and the Exploitation of Chaotic Systems. J. Wiley & Sons, 418 pp

Packard N. H., Crutchfield J. P., Farmer J. D., Shaw R. S. (1980) Geometry from a time series. Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 712-716

Palus M., Dvorák I. (1992) Singular value decomposition in attractor reconstruction: pitfalls and precautions. Physica D55, 221-234

Park J. (1992) Envelope estimation for quasi-periodic geophysical signals in noise: A multitaper approach. In: Walden A. T., Guttorp P. (eds.) Statistics in the Environmental & Earth Sciences. Edward Arnold, pp 189-219

Park J., Maasch K. A. (1993) Plio-Pleistocene time evolution of the 100-kyr cycle in marine paleoclimate records. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 447-461

Park J., Lindberg C. R., Vernon F. L. I. (1987) Multitaper spectral analysis of high frequency seismograms. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 12675-12684

Penland C. (1989) Random forcing and forecasting using Principal Oscillation Pattern analysis. Mon. Weather Rev. 117, 2165-2185

Penland C. (1996) A stochastic model of IndoPacific sea surface temperature anomalies. Physica D 98, 534-558

Penland C., Ghil M. (1993) Forecasting Northern Hemisphere 700-mb geopotential height anomalies using empirical normal modes. Mon. Wea. Rev. 121, 2355-2372

Penland C., Ghil M., Weickmann K. (1991) Adaptive filtering and maximum entropy spectra, with application to changes in atmospheric angular momentum. J. Geophys. Res. 96(D12), 22659-22671

Percival D. B., Walden A. T. (1993) Spectral Analysis for Physical Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, 583 pp

Pike E. R., McWhirter J. G., Bertero M., de Mol C. (1984) Generalized information theory for inverse problems in signal processing. IEE Proc. 131, 660-667

Plaut G., Vautard R. (1994) Spells of low-frequency oscillations and weather regimes in the northern hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 51(2), 210-236

Plaut G., Ghil M., Vautard R. (1995) Interannual and interdecadal variability in 335 years of Central England temperatures. Science 268, 710-713

Preisendorfer R. W. (1988) Principal Component Analysis in Meteorology and Oceanography. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 425 pp

Press W. H., Flannery B. P., Teukolski S. A., Vettering W. T. (1988) Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, 818 pp

Priestley, M. B. (1981a) Spectral Analysis and Time Series, vol. 1 (Univariate Series). Academic Press San Diego, 653 pp

Priestley, M. B. (1981b) Spectral Analysis and Time Series, vol. 2 (Multivariate Series, Prediction and Control). Academic Press San Diego, pp 654-890

Quinn T. M., Taylor F. W., Crowley T. J. (1993) A 173 year stable isotope record from a tropical south pacific coral. Quat. Sci. Rev. 12, 407-418

Quon C., Ghil M. (1995) Multiple equilibria and stable oscillations in thermosolutal convection at small aspect ratio. J. Fluid Mech. 291, 33-56

Rahmstorf S. (1995) Bifurcation of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to changes in the hydrological cycle. Nature 378, 145-149

Rasmusson E. M., Wang X., Ropelewski C. F. (1990) The biennial component of ENSO variability. J. Mar. Syst. 1, 71-96

Rayner N. A., Folland C. K., Parker D. E., Horton E. B. (1995) A new global sea-ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data set for 1903-1994 for forcing climate models. Hadley Centre Internal Note No. 69, pp 13

Robertson A. W. (1996) Interdecadal variability over the North Pacific in a multi-century climate simulation. Clim. Dyn. 12, 227-241

Robertson A. W., Ma C.-C., Mechoso C. R., Ghil M. (1995a) Simulation of the Tropical-Pacific climate with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Part I: The seasonal cycle. J. Clim. 8, 1178-1198

Robertson A. W., Ma C.-C., Ghil M., Mechoso C. R. (1995b) Simulation of the Tropical-Pacific climate with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Part II: Interannual variability. J. Clim. 8, 1199-1216

Robertson A. W., Mechoso C. R. (1998) Interannual and decadal cycles in river flows of southeastern South America. J. Climate 11, 2570-2581

Robertson A. W., Mechoso C. R. (2000) Interannual and interdecadal variability of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. Mon. Wea. Rev. 128, 2947-2957

Jones1987ropelewskijones-1987 Ropelewski C. F., Jones P. D. (1987) An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation index. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115, 2161-2165

Roux J. C., Rossi A., Bachelart S., Vidal C. (1980) Representation of a strange attractor from an experimental study of chemical turbulence. Phys. Lett. A 77, 391-393

Ruelle D. (1981) Small random perturbations of dynamical systems and the definition of attractors. Commun. Math. Phys. 82, 137-151

Ruelle D. (1990) Deterministic chaos: the science and the fiction. Proc. Roy Soc. London, Ser. A 427, 241-248

Ruelle D., Takens F. (1971) On the nature of turbulence. Commun. Math. Phys. 20, 167-192
and 23:343-344

Sauer T., Yorke J. A., Casdagli M. (1991) Embedology. J. Stat. Phys. 65, 579-616

Saunders A., Ghil M., Neelin J.D. (1997) Forecasts of Niño-3 SST anomalies and SOI based on singular spectrum analysis combined with the maximum entropy method (1997-2000), Experimental Long-Lead Forecasts Bulletin Vol. 6, No. 3 (Sept. 1997), pp 43-44; subsequent quarterly issues published also electronically, http://grads.igs.org/ellfb (1997-2000)

Schuster A. (1898) On the investigation of hidden periodicities with application to a supposed 26-day period of meteorological phenomena. J. Geophys. Res. 3, 13-41

Shannon C. E. (1949) Communication in the presence of noise. Proc. I.R.E. 37, 10-21

Slepian S. (1978) Prolate spheroidal wave functions, Fourier analysis and uncertainty-V: The discrete case. Bell. Sys. Tech. J. 57, 1371-1430

Smale S. (1967) Differentiable dynamical systems. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 73, 199-206

Speich S., Dijkstra H., Ghil M. (1995) Successive bifurcations in a shallow-water model, applied to the wind-driven ocean circulation. Nonlin. Proc. Geophys. 2, 241-268

Stoker J. J. (1950) Nonlinear Vibrations in Mechanical and Electrical Systems, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 273 pp

Strang G. (1989) Wavelets and dilation equations: a brief introduction. SIAM Rev. 31(4), 614-627

Sutton R. T., Allen M. R. (1997) Decadal predictability of North Atlantic sea surface temperature and climate. Nature 388 563-567

Takens F. (1981) Detecting strange attractors in turbulence. In: Rand D. A., Young L.-S. (eds.) Dynamical Systems and Turbulence Vol 898 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer, Berlin, pp 366-381

Témam R. (1997) Infinite-Dimensional Dynamical Systems in Mechanics and Physics, 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 648 pp

Thomson D. J. (1982) Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis. Proc. IEEE 70(9), 1055-1096

Thomson D. J. (1990a) Quadratic-inverse spectrum estimates: applications to palaeoclimatology. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 332, 539-597

Thomson D. J. (1990b) Time series analysis of Holocene climate data. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 330, 601-616

Thomson D. J. (1995) The seasons, global temperature, and precession. Science 268, 59-68

Thomson D. J., Chave A. D. (1990) Jackknifed error estimates for spectra, coherences, and transfer functions, Ch. 2 in Haykin, S. (Ed.), Advances in Spectrum Analysis. Prentice-Hall

Torrence C., Compo G. P. (1998) A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 79, 61-78

Tziperman E., Stone L., Cane M. A., Jarosh H. (1994) El Niño chaos: overlapping of resonances between the seasonal cycle and the Pacific ocean-atmosphere oscillator. Science 264, 72-74

Unal Y. S., Ghil M. (1995) Interannual and interdecadal oscillation patterns in sea level. Clim. Dyn. 11, 255-278

Van den Dool, H. M. (1994) Searching for analogues, how long must we wait? em Tellus 46A, 314-324

Van der Pol B. (1940) Biological rhythms considered as relaxation oscillations. Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 108, 76-87

Vautard R., Ghil M. (1989) Singular spectrum analysis in nonlinear dynamics, with applications to paleoclimatic time series. Physica D35, 395-424

Vautard R., Yiou P., Ghil M. (1992) Singular spectrum analysis: a toolkit for short noisy chaotic signals. Physica D 58, 95-126

Venegas S. A., Mysak L. A., Straub, D. N. (1997) Atmosphere-ocean coupled variability in the South Atlantic. J. Climate 10, 2904-2920

Von Storch H., Zwiers F.W. (1999) Statistical Analysis in Climate Research, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 484 pp

Von Storch H., Bruns T., Fischer-Bruns I., Hasselmann K. (1988) Principal oscillation pattern analysis of the 30-to-60-day oscillation in general circulation model equatorial troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. 93D, 11022-11036

Walker G. (1931) On periodicity in series of related terms. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Ser. A 131, 518-532

Wang B., Wang Y. (1996) Temporal structure of the southern oscillation as revealed by waveform and wavelet analysis. J. Clim. 9, 1586-1598

Weare B. C., Nasstrom J. N. (1982) Examples of extended empirical orthogonal function analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev. 110, 784-812

Weaver A. J., Marotzke J., Cummins P. F., Sarachik E. S. (1993) Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 23, 39-60

Weng H.-Y., Lau K.-M. (1994) Wavelets, period-doubling and time-frequency localization with application to satellite data analysis. J. Atmos. Sci. 51, 2523-2541

Whitney B. (1936) Differentiable manifolds. Ann. Math. 37, 645-680

Whittle P. (1952) The simultaneous estimation of a time series harmonic component and covariance structure. Trab. Estadist 3, 43-57

Wiener N. (1949) Extrapolation, Interpolation and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series, with Engineering Applications. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, MA, 163 pp

Wiggins S. (1988) Global Bifurcations and Chaos (Analytical Methods). Springer-Verlag, New York, 494 pp.

Yiou P. (1994) Dynamique du Paléoclimat: Des Données et des Modèles. PhD thesis Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 183 pp

Yiou P., Genthon C., Jouzel J., Ghil M., Le Treut H., Barnola J. M., Lorius C., Korotkevitch Y. N. (1991) High-frequency paleovariability in climate and in CO2 levels from Vostok ice-core records. J. Geophys. Res. 96(B12), 20365-20378

Yiou P., Ghil M., Jouzel J., Paillard D., Vautard R. (1994) Nonlinear variability of the climatic system, from singular and power spectra of Late Quaternary records. Clim. Dyn. 9, 371-389

Yiou P., Jouzel J., Johnsen S., Rögnvaldsson Ö. E. (1995) Rapid oscillations in Vostok and GRIP ice cores. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22(16), 2179-2182

Yiou P., Loutre M. F., Baert E. (1996) Spectral analysis of climate data. Surveys Geophys. 17, 619-663

Yiou P., Fuhrer K., Meeker L. D., Jouzel J., Johnsen S., Mayewski P. A. (1997) Paleoclimatic variability inferred from the spectral analysis of Greenland and Antarctic ice core data. J. Geophys. Res. 102(C12), 26441-26454

Yiou P., Sornette D., Ghil M. (2000) Data-adaptive wavelets and multi-scale SSA. Physica D 142, 254-290

Yule G. U. (1927) On a method of investigating periodicities in disturbed series. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London) Ser. A 226, 267-298

Zebiak, S. E., Cane M. A., (1987) A model El Niņo Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115, 2262-2278



This file last modified: 9/25/03